Foundation University Journal of Psychology

Measuring Body Image Guilt and Shame: Gender and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Perspective

2024-02-06T09:44:52+00:00

Objectives. The goal of the current study was to investigate the association between bodily perception guilt together with shame, and aberrant eating patterns in adolescents. Differences across gender in the proposed relationship were also studied. Moderating role of gender between the study variables was also explored.

Method. Disordered Eating Behavior Scale (Muazzam & Khalid, 2011), Body Image Guilt and Shame Scale (Thompson et al., 2003), with a demographic table was employed for collecting data among 316 teenagers using convenience sampling method that included educational institutes of District Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Phase I of the study's four phases comprises the conversion and modification of Body Image Guilt and Shame Scale (Thompson et al., 2003). Results. The results in the present study indicated that aberrant eating behaviors are importantly positively connection to bodily perception guilt and shame. According to the results, boys experience more bodily perception guilt and shame as compared to girls.

Conclusion. The present study concluded that body satisfaction should be promoted among adolescents in order to prevent them from body related guilt and shame, and disordered eating behaviors that consequently enhances their psychological well-being.

Evaluating the Impact of Positive and Negative Emotionality on Psychological Distress among Police Employees

2024-02-06T09:44:52+00:00

Background. The current study aimed to examine the impact of positive and negative emotionality on psychological distress among police employees with resilience as a mediator.

Method. The sample comprised of 150 police employees which was further divided into lower (n = 75) and higher ranked police employees (n = 75).The study utilized descriptive-predictive survey method in which purposive sampling technique was employed. The instruments used to measure study variables were Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Ego Resiliency Scale (ERS) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12).

Results. The findings of the study revealed that positive emotionality negatively predicted psychological distress while negative emotionality positively predicted psychological distress among police employees. In addition, mediation analysis revealed that resilience partially mediated the relationship between positive emotionality and psychological distress. Significant differences have been observed in positive emotionality and resilience among lower and higher rank police employees.

Conclusion. The present study provides awareness on how resilience, positive emotionality and good mental health status are important for adequate functioning of people working under stressful conditions.

Gender Roles and University Adjustment among Undergraduate Students: Coping as Mediators

2024-02-06T09:44:52+00:00

Background. Some undergraduates face problems in academic adjustment thus are unable to continue their studies. By using the theory of gender schema and the transactional model of stress and coping, this study aims to explore the relationships among gender roles, coping strategies and academic adjustment, and to examine whether coping strategy is a mediator for the effects of gender roles on academic adjustment.

Method. The descriptive predictive survey method was used in this study. Altogether 196 undergraduate participants were selected through the purposive sampling method. They were asked to fill in a questionnaire consisting of three measurements: Academic Adjustment Scale, Bem Sex Role Inventory, and Brief COPE.

Results. The findings of the study showed that different gender roles are associated with different coping strategies and academic adjustment, and that different coping strategies are associated with academic adjustment differently. In addition, positive thinking is a statistical mediator for the effects of femininity on academic adjustment while avoidance is a statistical mediator for the effects of masculinity on academic adjustment.

Conclusion. The findings indicate the importance of considering gender roles in the transactional model of stress and coping, besides creating awareness among undergraduates about the importance of using different coping strategies corresponding to their gender roles while facing problems in academic adjustment.

Childhood Maltreatment and Behavior Problems: Exploring the Mediating Role of Parental Attachment

2024-02-06T09:44:53+00:00

Background. Childhood maltreatment occurred to be the significant risk factor for development of number of adverse mental and many behavioural problems in adolescents. Seemingly, strong parental attachment provides a positive basis to overcome the harms of childhood maltreatment. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of parental attachment between childhood maltreatment and behaviour problems.

Method. The study utilized the correlational research design and the data was collected through purposive and convenient sampling from adolescents (N = 200) with the age range of 12-18 (M = 14.70, SD = 1.74) years.

Results. Significant positive association between childhood maltreatment and behaviour problems was observed. Non-significant association was found between the two subscales of parental attachment with all variables of the study except for the negative association of goal corrected partnership with childhood maltreatment and behaviour problems. Goal corrected partnership further mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and behaviour problems. The present study yielded the significance of goal corrected partnership (indicating child empathy with parents) in avoiding the adverse childhood experiences.

Conclusion. The findings of the present research could be beneficial both for theory building as well as for intervention-based programs. These findings could further be utilized to spread awareness among young adolescents to modify and minimize behaviour problems.

Masculinity Ideologies of Adult Pakistani Men and Women

2024-02-06T09:44:52+00:00

Abstract

Background. Masculinity related ideologies are rooted in most cultures and Pakistan is not different, however not much is known about these ideologies in recent times. This study investigated masculinity ideologies in adult men and women of Pakistan.

Method. In across-sectional design,a convenient sample of 268 men and 173 women (N = 441)was taken that ranged in age from 19 to 51 (M = 29.21, SD = 5.44) years. We used Masculinity Ideologies Scale (Imtiaz& Kamal, 2023) that measures four aspects of masculinity includingmale privilege and power, traditional roles and responsibilities, avoiding effeminacy, and restricted emotionality as subscales.

Results. Results revealed that men endorsed significantly greater traditional masculinity ideologies than women and particularly significantly moremale privilegeand power and restricted emotionality than women; however, no significant differences were found for traditional roles and responsibilities and avoiding effeminacy across genders.

Conclusion. We discuss masculinity in a cultural context where patriarchy prevails, where male masculinity is held as a symbol of authority.

Keywords. Gender differences, masculinity ideologies, Pakistani adults, patriarchy