Foundation University Journal of Psychology

Impact of Communication Patterns and Relationship Dissatisfaction on Emotional Distress among Married Individuals

Hafiza Tehreem Hafeez — 2024-07-24

Abstract

Background. Marriage satisfaction is a crucial component of numerous people's lives and has been linked to greater life satisfaction as well as the psychological health of married people in Pakistan. The purpose of this research study was to find out the impact of different communication patterns and relationship dissatisfaction on emotional distress among married individuals.

Method.A cross-sectional study was conducted in which sample of the present study consisted of (N=226, M=1.35, SD=.48) married individuals (n=148 males and n=78 females) from Islamabad. Survey method was used to collect the data. Purposive sampling technique was used for selecting the sample. Perceived Emotional Distress Inventory (PEDI), Communication Pattern Questionnaire (CPQ) and Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI) were administered to married individuals.

Results. The findings demonstrated that relationship dissatisfaction, self-demand/partner withdraw, and partner demand/self-withdraw communication patterns are all highly significant predictors of emotional distress, and that among married people, constructive communication pattern is a negative predictor of emotional distress.

Conclusion. Effective communication often acts as a protective barrier against emotional suffering in married couples. When couples honestly and actively listen to one another, they are better able to understand and feel more connected to one another. This can lead to a more helpful and harmonic connection, which reduces the likelihood of emotional suffering.

Keywords. Emotional distress, constructive communication pattern, self-demand/partner withdraw, partner demand/self-withdraw communication patterns, relationship dissatisfaction.

Effectiveness of Integrated Model of Psychological Intervention and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Comparative Study

Semra Salik — 2024-07-24

Background. Current study aims to explore the effectiveness of the integrated model of psychological intervention in comparison to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy to reduce the severity of symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in individuals experiencing it. Findings suggested that integrated model is an efficacious and effective treatment modality with CBT and pharmacotherapy being effective but time taking. The integrated model of psychological intervention emphasizes the therapeutic alliance and is brief and time limited approach as compared to other treatment modalities.

Method. 24 participants aged, 20-35, included in the study filled measurement scale, the Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).

Results. The study results showed noticeable indication that integrated model is useful and effectual for the treatment of psychological symptoms among patients of OCD.

Conclusions. Further comparative studies could be done in future years comparing the efficacy of the proposed model with other therapeutic approaches in absence of pharmacological treatment.

Dark Triad Personality Traits Impulsivity and Aggression in Adolescents

Kiran Iftikhar — 2024-07-24

Abstract

Background. Study explored the dark triad traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism)
predictive relationship with aggression and impulsivity in school going children.

Method. In a cross-sectional design with a purposive sample of 200 school-going boys and 200 girls (N
= 400), 8th -10th grade, age range of 14-17 years were conveniently taken from government and private
schools. We used Dark Triad of Personality (D3- Short, Jones & Paulhus, 2014), Barratt Impulsiveness
Scale (BIS-11, Stanford et al., 2009), and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ, Buss & Perry, 1992).

Results. Results revealed dark traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism) significantly and
positively associated with impulsiveness (Motor Impulsiveness, Non-planning impulsiveness and
Attentional impulsiveness) and aggression (Verbal Aggression, Physical Aggression, Anger and
Hostility). Boys expressed higher average levels of dark traits, impulsiveness and aggression than girls;
and dark traits and gender predicted impulsiveness (44%) and aggression (35%).

Conclusion. The study has significant implications especially in educational and school settings.

Keywords. Dark Triad Personality Traits, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, impulsivity,
aggression

The Personality Inventory for DSM-V-BRIEF FORM (PID-V-BF): Translation and Validation

Nida Falak Naz — 2024-07-24

Background. DSM-5 proposes a new trait model of personality for the diagnosis of personality disorders. This model constitutes five major domains encompassing maladaptive personality traits that are considered as pathological ends of famous five factor model. There domains were named as antagonism (agreeableness), detachment (extraversion), disinhibition (conscientiousness), negative affectivity (neuroticism), and psychoticism (openness). Inventory used to operationalize this model is called Personality Inventory for DSM-V. This study utilizes brief form of the inventory with twenty-five items for having culturally comparable and lexically valid version of this inventory to use with Pakistani population.

Method

Items of the scale were translated by bilingual exerts into the targeted language through standardized procedures and Confirmatory factor analysis was then run on the sample of 300 adults (M = 27.36, SD = 9.32).

Results

CFA revealed the satisfactory fit of the model after adding for covariance. The obtained value for chi square was 616.86 (df = 267) which indicates adequate fit of the model. RMSEA =.06 also meet the criteria and specifies good fit of the model. Similarly, fit indices for the model also meet the minimum criteria (IFI=.91, TLI, .90, CFI = .91). Hence, All the five domains of trait model were confirmed into local culture and depict good reliability coefficients.

Conclusion

It was concluded that Urdu version of the PID-V was proved to be satisfactory and acceptable for further use in the Pakistani context.

Keywords. Personality inventory for DSM-V, DSM. translation, validation, confirmatory factor analysis.

Meta-Analysis of the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol for Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Rohia Nusrat — 2024-07-24

Abstract

Background: Forensic interviews are pivotal to the investigation of child sexual abuse cases. Following best practice, evidence-based guidelines when conducting such interviews is essential in obtaining a credible and reliable testimony. The investigative interview protocol developed by the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) incorporates these guidelines into a structured interview procedure. An integral part of the NICHD protocol is to promote open-ended, invitational interviewer prompts. The current research was conducted to observe the impact of the NICHD Protocol in encouraging invitational prompts and discouraging suggestive prompts when compared to non-protocol interviews.

Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of the NICHD protocol was conducted, including 11 studies selected following inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were determined through the PICO framework. The included literature were experimental studies comparing the NICHD protocol with other structured or unstructured interview methods in interviews conducted with children in suspected cases of child sexual abuse (CSA), with a focus on assessing the quality of investigation using interviewer prompts as a dependent measure. Electronic online databases and Registers/websites including PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, OSF, Dissertation Abstracts International, and ProQuest Dissertations and These were searched for both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. The analysis used a random effect model that computed separate weighted mean of the effect sizes shown in independent studies for prompts namely: Directives, Option-posing, Suggestions, and Invitations.

Results: Results of the analysis indicated that overall, interviews with the NICHD protocol had less directives (g= -0.9106), option-posing (-0.9178) and suggestive prompts (g= -0.5516), and more invitational (g= 1.9859) prompts than non-protocol interviews.

Conclusion: These results corroborate with the findings of previous studies. However, these findings should be considered with caution due to the detection of high levels of heterogeneity.

Keywords: Eyewitness testimony, Investigative interviewing, Meta-analyses, Child sexual abuse, NICHD protocol, Interviewer prompt