Parental Psychological Control, Adolescent’s Emotional Autonomy and Its Relationship with Academic Resilience
PARENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL, ADOLESCENT’S EMOTIONAL AUTONOMY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ACADEMIC RESILIENCE
Keywords:
Parental Psychological Control, Academic Resilience, Emotional Autonomy, Adolescents
Abstract
Objectives: Aim of this research was to examine the impact of parental psychological control on adolescent’s emotional autonomy and its relationship with academic resilience.
Method: The sample comprised of 300 adolescents, data were collected from the districts of Attock, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Age range of participants was 16 to 18 years (Mage = 16.50, SD = 1.25). Self-report measures including Psychological Control Scale (Barber, 1996), Academic Resilience Scale (Cassidy, 2016) and Adolescents Emotional Autonomy Scale (Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986) were used to collect information from adolescents. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (Version-23).
Results: Results of the study revealed that parental psychological control has negative relationship with academic resilience. Results on mediation model indicated that academic resilience significantly partially mediates the association between parental psychological control and emotional autonomy among adolescents. There were no age-related differences among adolescents in parental psychological control, emotional autonomy and academic resilience.
Conclusion: Findings on levels of education indicated that academic resilience in relationship to parental psychological control needs studying among young people. Thus, current study has implications for clinical psychologists, practitioners and researchers who are inspired to increase confidence and personal autonomy among adolescents.
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References
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Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Briggs, R. D., McClowry, S. G., & Snow, D. L. (2009). Maternal control and sensitivity, child gender, and maternal education in relation to children’s behavioral outcomes in African American families. J. Appl. Dev. Psychol. 30, 321–331. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.018
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Zahedani, Z. Z., Rezaee, R., Yazdani, Z., Bagheri, S., & Nabeiei, P. (2016). The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career path. Journal of advances in medical education & professionalism, 4(3), 130.
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Collins, W. A., & Adams, G. (2003). Blackwell handbook of adolescence.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Dev, 67, 3296–3319. doi: 10.2307/1131780.
Barber, B. K. (2002). Reintroducing parental psychological control: Revisiting a Neglected Construct. Child Development, 67, 3296-3319. Retrieved from http://users.ugent.be/~wbeyers/scripties2011/artikels/Barber_1996.pdf
Bentley, J. J. (2013). Parental involvement, parent-child warmth and school engagement as mediated by self-regulation. All Theses and Dissertations. 3866. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3866
Beyers, W., & Goossens, L. (1999). Emotional autonomy, psychosocial adjustment and parenting: interactions, moderating and mediating effects. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 753-769.
Calafat, A., García, F., Juan, M., Becoña, E., & Fernández-Hermida, J. R. (2014). Which parenting style is more protective against adolescent substance use? Evidence within the European context. Drug Alcohol Depend, 138, 185–192. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.705.
Cassidy, S. (2016). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A new multidimensional construct measure. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1787-1799.
Cosco, T. D., Howse, K., & Brayne, C. (2017). Healthy ageing, resilience and wellbeing. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 26(6), 579–583. Published online 2017 Jul 6. doi: 10.1017/S2045796017000324
Cui, L., Morris, A. S., Criss, M. M., Houltberg, B. J., & Silk, J. S. (2014). Parental Psychological Control and Adolescent Adjustment: The Role of Adolescent Emotion Regulation. Parent Sci Pract, 14(1), 47–67. doi: 10.1080/15295192.2014.880018
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Eggum, N. D. (2010). Emotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children's maladjustment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 6, 495-525.
Fletcher, A. C., Steinberg, L., & Williams-Wheeler, M. (2004). Parental influences on adolescent problem behavior: Revisiting Stattin and Kerr. Child Dev, 75, 781–796. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00706.x.
García, F., & Gracia, E. (2014). The indulgent parenting style and developmental outcomes in South European and Latin American countries. In: Selin H., editor. Parenting across Cultures: Childrearing, Motherhood and Fatherhood in Non-Western Cultures. Springer; Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 419–433.
Hamill, S. K. (2003). Resilience and self-efficacy: the importance of efficacy beliefs and coping mechanisms in resilient adolescents. Colgate Univ. J. Sciences, 35, 115–146.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill.
Jacobson, K. C., & Crockett, L. J. (2000). Parental monitoring and adolescent adjustment: An ecological perspective. J. Res. Adolesc, 10, 65–97. doi: 10.1207/SJRA1001_4.
Jones, T. L., & Prinz, R. J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinical psychology review, 25(3), 341-363.
Kumpfer, K. L. (2002). Factors and processes contributing to resilience. New York: Plenum publishers.
Kunz, J. H., & Grych, J. H. (2013). Parental psychological control and autonomy granting: Distinctions and associations with child and family functioning. Parenting, 13, 77–94. doi: 10.1080/15295192.2012.709147.
Martin, A.J. (2013). Academic buoyancy and academic resilience: Exploring ‘everyday’ and ‘classic’ resilience in the face of academic adversity. School Psychology International, 34, 488-500. DOI: 10.1177/0143034312472759.
McKinney, C, Donnelly, R., & Renk, K. (2008). Perceived parenting, positive and negative perceptions of parents, and late adolescent emotional adjustment. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 13, 66–73. doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00452.x
Martin, A.J., & Marsh, H.W. (2008). Academic buoyancy: Towards an understanding of students’ everyday academic resilience. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 53-83. DOI 10.1016/j.jsp.2007.01.002
Munro, B., & Pooley, J. A. (2009). Differences in resilience and university adjustment between school leaver and mature entry university students. Aust. Commun. Psychology, 21, 50–61.
Oliva A. (2006). Relaciones familiares y desarrollo adolescente. UB J. Psychol, 37, 209–224.
Ong, A. D., Bergeman, C. S., Boker, S. M. (2009). Resilience Comes of Age: Defining Features in Later Adulthood. J Pers, 77(6), 1777–1804.
Rogers, K. N., Buchanan, C. M., & Winchell, M. E. (2003). Psychological control during early adolescence: Links to adjustment in differing parent/adolescent dyads. Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 349–383.
Silk, J. S., Morris, A. S., Kanaya, T., & Steinberg, L. (2003). Psychological control and autonomy granting: Opposite ends of a continuum or distinct constructs? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 113 – 128.
Smith, C. A. (1999). Family life pathfinders on the new electronic frontier. Family Relations, 48(1), 31-34.
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30, 74–99.
Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: The mediational link between psychological control and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487–498.
Steinberg, L., and Silverberg, S. B. (1986). The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence. Child Dev. 57, 841–851. doi: 10.2307/1130361
Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: adolescent-parent relationships in retrospect and prospect. J. Res. Adolesc. 11, 1–20. doi: 10.1111/1532-7795.00001
Stosny, S. (2011). Anger in the age of entitlement: self-regulation. Psychology today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/anger-in-the-age-entitlement
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Briggs, R. D., McClowry, S. G., & Snow, D. L. (2009). Maternal control and sensitivity, child gender, and maternal education in relation to children’s behavioral outcomes in African American families. J. Appl. Dev. Psychol. 30, 321–331. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.018
Wang, M. C., & Gordon, E. W. (2012). Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, publisher.
Waxman, H. C., Gray, J. P., & Padron, Y. N. (2003). Review of Research on Educational Resilience: Research Report. Washington, DC: Institute of Education Sciences.
Xu, X., Dai, D. Y., Liu, M., & Deng, C. (2020). Parental psychological control and academic functioning in Chinese high school students: A short-term longitudinal study. Br J Dev Psychology, 38(1), 90-107. doi:10.1111/bjdp.12308
Zahedani, Z. Z., Rezaee, R., Yazdani, Z., Bagheri, S., & Nabeiei, P. (2016). The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career path. Journal of advances in medical education & professionalism, 4(3), 130.
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Collins, W. A., & Adams, G. (2003). Blackwell handbook of adolescence.
Published
2024-01-31
Section
Articles
