Relationship of Parenting Styles with Decision-Making and Self-concept among Adolescents
Keywords:
Parenting styles, self-concept, decision making styles.
Abstract
Objectives. The current research aimed to examines the relationship of parenting styles with
decision-making and self-concept among adolescents (N=400).
Method. The sample comprised of College students from Rawalpindi and Attock including both
government and private colleges. There were 200 male and 200 female college students
recruited into present study. Data were collected through the Parental Authority Questionnaire
(Buri, 1989), Self-Concept Questionnaire (Robson, 1989), and Melbourne Decision Making
Questionnaire (Mann et al., 1997).
Results. Self-concept has significant negative correlation with authoritarian father, authoritarian
mother, permissive father, permissive mother, whereas significant positive correlation with
authoritative father and authoritative mother Decision making style is also significantly correlated
with parenting styles. The findings revealed that gender moderates the relationship between
authoritarian parenting styles and hypervigilance as well as procrastination. Moreover, gender
also moderates the relationship between authoritarian parenting and self-concept.
Conclusion. Study demonstrate that parenting styles play a distinctive role especially
authoritarian parenting style to determine the adaptive decision making and firm self-concept
among adolescents.
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References
References
Badgujar, M. J., & Mundada, N. (2014). Relationship between Parenting style and self-concept of adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 2,(1),71. doi: 10.25215/0201.011
Bednar, D. E., & Fisher, T. D. (2003). Peer referencing in adolescent decision making as a function of perceived parenting style. Adolescence, 38(152), 607. Retrived from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15053489/.
Blustein, D. L., Prezioso, M. S., & Schultheiss, D. P. (1995). Attachment theory and career development: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 23(3), 416–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000095233002.
Booth, A., Scott, M. E., & King, V. (2010). Father residence and adolescent problem behavior: Are youth always better off in two-parent families? Journal of Family. Issues, 31, 585 605.
Brown, C., Glastetter-Fender, C., & Shelton, M. (2000). Psychosocial identity and career control in college student-athletes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1691
Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_13
Bubolz, M. M. (2001). Family as source, user, and builder of social capital. Journal of Socio-economics, 20, 129-131. doi:10.1016/S1053-5357(00)00091-3.
Caporella, D. (2007). Has today’s modern lifestyle influenced parenting style? Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Has-Todays-Modern-Lifestyle Influenced-Parenting-Style&id=503650
Ceballo, R., Ramirez, C., Hearn, K. D., & Maltese, K. L. (2003). Community violence and children’s psychological well-being: Does parental monitoring matter? Journal of Clinical Child Adolescents Psychology, 32, 586–592. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-09294-011
Coplan, R. J., Hastings, P. D., Lagacé-Séguin, D. G., & Moulton, C. E. (2002). Authoritative and authoritarian mothers' parenting goals, attributions, and emotions across different childrearing contexts. Parenting, 2(1), 1-26. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327922PAR0201_1
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02310555
Craven, R. G., & Marsh, H. W. M. (1991). Effects of internally focused feedback and attributional feedback on enhancement of academic self-concept". Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(1), 17–27. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.83.1.17
Carlo, G., Crockett, L. J., Wolff, J. M., & Beal, S. J. (2012). The role of emotional reactivity, self‐regulation, and puberty in adolescents' pro-social behaviors. Social Development, 21(4), 667-685. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2012.00660.x
Davids, E. L., Roman, N. V., & Leach, L. (2016). Decision making styles: A systematic review of their associations with parenting. Adolescent Research Review, 1(1), 69-90. retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40894-015-0003-y
De Heredia, R. A. S., Arocena, F. L., & Gárate, J. V. (2004). Decision-making patterns, conflict sytles, and self-esteem. Psicothema, 16(1), 110-116. Retrieved from http://www.psicothema.com/psicothema.asp?id=1169
Fabes, R., Carlo, G., Kupanoff, K., & Laible, D. (2014). Early Adolescence and Prosocial/Moral Behavior I: The Role of Individual Processes. Retrieved from: www.digitalcommons.unl.edu. doi: org/10.1037/h0034679
Galotti, K. M., Ciner, E., Altenbaumer, H. E., Geerts, H. J., Rupp, A., & Woulfe, J. (2006). Decision making styles in a real-life decision: Choosing a college major. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 629–639. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.carleton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=cg_faculty
Ghazi, S., Ali, R., Shahzad, S., Khan, M., & Hukamdad (2010). Parental involvement in children academic motivation. Asian Social Science, 6(4), 93 – 99. doi: 10.5539/ass.v6n4p93
Hoskins, D. H. (2014). Consequences of Parenting on Adolescent Outcomes. Societies, 4, 506 531. doi:10.3390/soc4030506
Kausar, R., & Shafique, N. (2008). Gender Differences in Perceived Parenting Styles and Socioemotional Adjustment of Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 23(3-4), 93-105. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-21818-004
Kimble, A. B. (2014). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire: A reconceptualization and validation. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11244/14936.
McClun, L, A & Merrell, K,W.( 1998). Relationship of perceived parenting styles, locus of control orientation, and self‐concept among junior high age students. Psychology in The Schools. Volume 35, Issue 4 October 1998, 381-390
Madahi, A., Sukati, I., Mazhari, M,Y & Rashid,W, N (2012). Consumer Decision Making Styles amongst Young Generation in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 1450-2267 Vol.30 No.2 (2012), pp. 263-275
Mann, L., Harmoni, R., & Power, C. (1989). Adolescent decision-making: The development of competence. Journal of adolescence, 12(3), 265-278. doi: org/10.1016/0140-191(89)9077-8
Mann, L., Burnett, P., Radford, M & Ford, S (1997). The Melbourne decision making questionnaire: an instrument for measuring patterns for coping with decisional conflict. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. Volume10, Issue1 March 1997, 1-19
Mariam, S. P. (2000). Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper (PDF). Asian Development Bank. ISBN 971-561-297-0. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/documents/women-pakistan-country-briefing-paper
Martínez, I., García, J. F., & Yubero, S. (2007). Parenting styles and adolescents' self-esteem in Brazil. Psychological Reports, 100(3), 731-745. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/article/med/17688087
Mason, C. A., Walker-Barnes, C. J., Tu, S., Simons, J., & Martinez-Arrue, R. (2004). Ethnic differences in the affective meaning of parental control behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25, 59–79. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/ 10.13/B:JOPP.003939.8.37
Preckel, F., & Brüll, M. (2010). "The benefit of being a big fish in a big pond: Contrast and assimilation effects on academic self-concept". Learning and Individual Differences, 20(5), 522–531. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.12.007
Pauker, S. (2017). "Differential parenting and children's social understanding". Social Development, 26(3), 645–657. doi:10.1111/sode.12214.
Putnam, J., Judith, A., Walls, M., & Love, D. (2014). Influence on children's gender development. Retrieved from: .extension.purdue.edu.
Rahman, O. A., Shahrin, N. N., & Kamaruzaman, Z. (2017). The Relationship between
parenting style and self-concept. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 7(1), 190-194. Retrieved from https://www.jesoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/KLiisc4_29.pdf
Rizvi, S. F. I., & Najam, N. (2015). Emotional and behavioral problems associated with parenting styles in Pakistani adolescents. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 8(2). doi: org/10.21015/vtess.v8i2.361
Riaz, M. N., Riaz, M. A., & Batool, N. (2012). Personality types as predictors of decision making styles. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 22(2), 99–114. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Personality-Types-as-Predictors-of-Decision-Making-Riaz-Riaz/e14174afec51f43c48afdc3862835c363c1be6e9?p2df
Robson (1989). Development of a new self-report questionnaire to measure self-esteem. Psychological Medicine, 19, 513-518.
Rudy, D., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children's self-esteem. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 68. doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.68
Shek D. T. (2002). Parenting characteristics and parent-adolescent conflict: a longitudinal study in the Chinese culture. Journal of Family Issues, 23, 189–208. Doi:10.1177/0192513X02023002002
Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Conger, R. D., & Brody, G. H. (2004). Collective socialization and child conduct problems: A multi-level analysis with an African American sample. Youth Sociology, 35, 267–292. doi: org/10.1177/0044118X03255005
Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles and adolescent achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 125–146. doi:10.1007/s10648005-3950-1
Steinberg, L., Blatt-Eisengart, I., Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes: Replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Respective Adolescents, 16, 47–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00119.x
Steinberg, L., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. Handbook of parenting, 1, 103-133. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290587689_.
Steinberg, L., Blatt-Eisengart, I., Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes: Replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Respective Adolescents, 16, 47–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00119.x
Stephen, A. (2014). Gender differences in parenting styles and effects on the parent child relationship" (Pdf). Retrieved from: www.digital.library.txstate.edu.
Wentzel, K. R., & Battle, A. A. (2001). Social relationships and school adjustment. Adolescence and education: General Issues in the Education of Adolescents, 1, 99-118. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1074877.pdf.
Wentzel, K. R., & Battle, A. A. (2001). Social relationships and school adjustment. Adolescence and education: General Issues in the Education of Adolescents, 1, 99-118. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1074877.pdf
Wolff, J. (2000). Self-esteem: The influence of parenting styles. Retrieved from: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1535
Zahedani, Z. Z., Rezaee, R., Yazdani, Z., Bagheri, S., & Nabeiei, P. (2016). The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career path. Journal of Advance Medicine Education Professionals, 4(3), 130–134. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927255/
Zakeri, H., & Karimpour, M. (2011). Parenting styles and self-esteem. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 758-761. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.302
Zhang, W. X., Wang M. P., & Fuligni A. J. (2006). Expectations for autonomy, beliefs about parental authority, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion. Acta Psycholical Science, 38, 868–876. Retrieved from http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/EN/abstract/abstract1910.shtml
Badgujar, M. J., & Mundada, N. (2014). Relationship between Parenting style and self-concept of adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 2,(1),71. doi: 10.25215/0201.011
Bednar, D. E., & Fisher, T. D. (2003). Peer referencing in adolescent decision making as a function of perceived parenting style. Adolescence, 38(152), 607. Retrived from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15053489/.
Blustein, D. L., Prezioso, M. S., & Schultheiss, D. P. (1995). Attachment theory and career development: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 23(3), 416–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000095233002.
Booth, A., Scott, M. E., & King, V. (2010). Father residence and adolescent problem behavior: Are youth always better off in two-parent families? Journal of Family. Issues, 31, 585 605.
Brown, C., Glastetter-Fender, C., & Shelton, M. (2000). Psychosocial identity and career control in college student-athletes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1691
Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_13
Bubolz, M. M. (2001). Family as source, user, and builder of social capital. Journal of Socio-economics, 20, 129-131. doi:10.1016/S1053-5357(00)00091-3.
Caporella, D. (2007). Has today’s modern lifestyle influenced parenting style? Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Has-Todays-Modern-Lifestyle Influenced-Parenting-Style&id=503650
Ceballo, R., Ramirez, C., Hearn, K. D., & Maltese, K. L. (2003). Community violence and children’s psychological well-being: Does parental monitoring matter? Journal of Clinical Child Adolescents Psychology, 32, 586–592. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-09294-011
Coplan, R. J., Hastings, P. D., Lagacé-Séguin, D. G., & Moulton, C. E. (2002). Authoritative and authoritarian mothers' parenting goals, attributions, and emotions across different childrearing contexts. Parenting, 2(1), 1-26. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327922PAR0201_1
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02310555
Craven, R. G., & Marsh, H. W. M. (1991). Effects of internally focused feedback and attributional feedback on enhancement of academic self-concept". Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(1), 17–27. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.83.1.17
Carlo, G., Crockett, L. J., Wolff, J. M., & Beal, S. J. (2012). The role of emotional reactivity, self‐regulation, and puberty in adolescents' pro-social behaviors. Social Development, 21(4), 667-685. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2012.00660.x
Davids, E. L., Roman, N. V., & Leach, L. (2016). Decision making styles: A systematic review of their associations with parenting. Adolescent Research Review, 1(1), 69-90. retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40894-015-0003-y
De Heredia, R. A. S., Arocena, F. L., & Gárate, J. V. (2004). Decision-making patterns, conflict sytles, and self-esteem. Psicothema, 16(1), 110-116. Retrieved from http://www.psicothema.com/psicothema.asp?id=1169
Fabes, R., Carlo, G., Kupanoff, K., & Laible, D. (2014). Early Adolescence and Prosocial/Moral Behavior I: The Role of Individual Processes. Retrieved from: www.digitalcommons.unl.edu. doi: org/10.1037/h0034679
Galotti, K. M., Ciner, E., Altenbaumer, H. E., Geerts, H. J., Rupp, A., & Woulfe, J. (2006). Decision making styles in a real-life decision: Choosing a college major. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 629–639. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.carleton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=cg_faculty
Ghazi, S., Ali, R., Shahzad, S., Khan, M., & Hukamdad (2010). Parental involvement in children academic motivation. Asian Social Science, 6(4), 93 – 99. doi: 10.5539/ass.v6n4p93
Hoskins, D. H. (2014). Consequences of Parenting on Adolescent Outcomes. Societies, 4, 506 531. doi:10.3390/soc4030506
Kausar, R., & Shafique, N. (2008). Gender Differences in Perceived Parenting Styles and Socioemotional Adjustment of Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 23(3-4), 93-105. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-21818-004
Kimble, A. B. (2014). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire: A reconceptualization and validation. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11244/14936.
McClun, L, A & Merrell, K,W.( 1998). Relationship of perceived parenting styles, locus of control orientation, and self‐concept among junior high age students. Psychology in The Schools. Volume 35, Issue 4 October 1998, 381-390
Madahi, A., Sukati, I., Mazhari, M,Y & Rashid,W, N (2012). Consumer Decision Making Styles amongst Young Generation in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 1450-2267 Vol.30 No.2 (2012), pp. 263-275
Mann, L., Harmoni, R., & Power, C. (1989). Adolescent decision-making: The development of competence. Journal of adolescence, 12(3), 265-278. doi: org/10.1016/0140-191(89)9077-8
Mann, L., Burnett, P., Radford, M & Ford, S (1997). The Melbourne decision making questionnaire: an instrument for measuring patterns for coping with decisional conflict. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. Volume10, Issue1 March 1997, 1-19
Mariam, S. P. (2000). Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper (PDF). Asian Development Bank. ISBN 971-561-297-0. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/documents/women-pakistan-country-briefing-paper
Martínez, I., García, J. F., & Yubero, S. (2007). Parenting styles and adolescents' self-esteem in Brazil. Psychological Reports, 100(3), 731-745. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/article/med/17688087
Mason, C. A., Walker-Barnes, C. J., Tu, S., Simons, J., & Martinez-Arrue, R. (2004). Ethnic differences in the affective meaning of parental control behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25, 59–79. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/ 10.13/B:JOPP.003939.8.37
Preckel, F., & Brüll, M. (2010). "The benefit of being a big fish in a big pond: Contrast and assimilation effects on academic self-concept". Learning and Individual Differences, 20(5), 522–531. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.12.007
Pauker, S. (2017). "Differential parenting and children's social understanding". Social Development, 26(3), 645–657. doi:10.1111/sode.12214.
Putnam, J., Judith, A., Walls, M., & Love, D. (2014). Influence on children's gender development. Retrieved from: .extension.purdue.edu.
Rahman, O. A., Shahrin, N. N., & Kamaruzaman, Z. (2017). The Relationship between
parenting style and self-concept. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 7(1), 190-194. Retrieved from https://www.jesoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/KLiisc4_29.pdf
Rizvi, S. F. I., & Najam, N. (2015). Emotional and behavioral problems associated with parenting styles in Pakistani adolescents. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 8(2). doi: org/10.21015/vtess.v8i2.361
Riaz, M. N., Riaz, M. A., & Batool, N. (2012). Personality types as predictors of decision making styles. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 22(2), 99–114. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Personality-Types-as-Predictors-of-Decision-Making-Riaz-Riaz/e14174afec51f43c48afdc3862835c363c1be6e9?p2df
Robson (1989). Development of a new self-report questionnaire to measure self-esteem. Psychological Medicine, 19, 513-518.
Rudy, D., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children's self-esteem. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 68. doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.68
Shek D. T. (2002). Parenting characteristics and parent-adolescent conflict: a longitudinal study in the Chinese culture. Journal of Family Issues, 23, 189–208. Doi:10.1177/0192513X02023002002
Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Conger, R. D., & Brody, G. H. (2004). Collective socialization and child conduct problems: A multi-level analysis with an African American sample. Youth Sociology, 35, 267–292. doi: org/10.1177/0044118X03255005
Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles and adolescent achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 125–146. doi:10.1007/s10648005-3950-1
Steinberg, L., Blatt-Eisengart, I., Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes: Replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Respective Adolescents, 16, 47–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00119.x
Steinberg, L., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. Handbook of parenting, 1, 103-133. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290587689_.
Steinberg, L., Blatt-Eisengart, I., Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes: Replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Respective Adolescents, 16, 47–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00119.x
Stephen, A. (2014). Gender differences in parenting styles and effects on the parent child relationship" (Pdf). Retrieved from: www.digital.library.txstate.edu.
Wentzel, K. R., & Battle, A. A. (2001). Social relationships and school adjustment. Adolescence and education: General Issues in the Education of Adolescents, 1, 99-118. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1074877.pdf.
Wentzel, K. R., & Battle, A. A. (2001). Social relationships and school adjustment. Adolescence and education: General Issues in the Education of Adolescents, 1, 99-118. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1074877.pdf
Wolff, J. (2000). Self-esteem: The influence of parenting styles. Retrieved from: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1535
Zahedani, Z. Z., Rezaee, R., Yazdani, Z., Bagheri, S., & Nabeiei, P. (2016). The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career path. Journal of Advance Medicine Education Professionals, 4(3), 130–134. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927255/
Zakeri, H., & Karimpour, M. (2011). Parenting styles and self-esteem. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 758-761. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.302
Zhang, W. X., Wang M. P., & Fuligni A. J. (2006). Expectations for autonomy, beliefs about parental authority, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion. Acta Psycholical Science, 38, 868–876. Retrieved from http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/EN/abstract/abstract1910.shtml
